Vocabulary

Imaging modality, as a DICOM Modality code (MR, CT, PT, ...).

Image contrast. MR sequences use BIDS suffixes (T1w, T2w, FLAIR, dwi, ...). CT phases, stains and ultrasound modes have their own terms. Counts mean subjects that have at least this contrast.

The exact set of contrasts a subject has, joined with `+` in alphabetical order, e.g. `FLAIR+T1w+T2w`. Each subject belongs to exactly one set. This is what allows exact answers to "how many subjects have both T1w and FLAIR".

Radiotracer used for PET or SPECT.

Body region or organ that was imaged. Mapped to UBERON.

Disease, finding or group (including healthy controls). Mapped to MONDO, or to HPO for findings. A subject can have several conditions.

Sex as reported by the dataset. Values follow the BIDS participants.tsv levels.

Age bin in completed years. `60-69` covers everyone aged 60 up to their 70th birthday, `90+` everyone aged 90 or older. Decimal bounds are allowed for children, e.g. `0-0.5`.

Scanner manufacturer. Raw DICOM Manufacturer strings are listed as synonyms.

MR field strength in tesla, e.g. `1.5`, `3`, `7`.

Country of the acquisition site, as an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code (US, DE, CN, ...).

Official data split.

Projection or view for radiographs and mammograms.

Distinct people (or animals). Use this whenever the source reports patients, participants or cases that are people.

Imaging sessions, exams or visits. A longitudinal subject has several.

3D volumes or series, e.g. one T1w volume.

2D images, e.g. radiographs, fundus photos or ultrasound frames.

Whole-slide images in digital pathology.

Magnetic resonance imaging

Computed tomography

Positron emission tomography

Nuclear medicine including SPECT

Projection radiography (DICOM DX). Filtering for it also finds computed radiography.

Computed radiography with imaging plates

Slide microscopy, including whole-slide images

Ophthalmic photography

Ophthalmic optical coherence tomography

External camera photography, e.g. dermatology

Gadolinium-enhanced T1w. BIDS writes this as a T1w with the ce- entity.

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery

Susceptibility-weighted imaging built from magnitude and phase of a gradient echo. BIDS has no suffix for it.

Apparent diffusion coefficient map

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI

Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI

Cardiac cine imaging, e.g. balanced SSFP

Contrast-enhanced CT where the phase is not specified

Amyloid tracer

Amyloid tracer

Amyloid tracer

Amyloid tracer

Amyloid tracer

Tau tracer

Tau tracer

Amyloid tracer

Prostate-specific membrane antigen tracers

SPECT dopamine transporter tracer

No known condition of interest

No MONDO term exists. Closest HPO term is the broader Cognitive impairment (HP:0100543).

Stroke of any or unspecified type. Use ischemic_stroke when the dataset is limited to ischemic stroke.

Small hemosiderin deposits seen as hypointense foci on T2*-weighted or susceptibility-weighted MRI. No MONDO or HPO term exists.

ARIA-E (edema, effusion) and ARIA-H (microbleeds, superficial siderosis), mostly seen under anti-amyloid antibody treatment. No MONDO or HPO term exists.

Fluid-filled spaces around small brain vessels that are large enough to be seen on MRI. A marker of cerebral small vessel disease.

Small fluid-filled cavities in deep grey or white matter, the imaging trace of a past small subcortical infarct or hemorrhage. A marker of cerebral small vessel disease. HP:0032325 (Lacunar stroke) names the clinical event, not the imaging finding, so no mapping is given.

Disease of the small arteries, arterioles, capillaries and venules of the brain, seen on MRI as white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, microbleeds and enlarged perivascular spaces. MONDO has only monogenic forms (brain small vessel disease 1 to 6, HTRA1-related), so no mapping is given.

Any pancreatic tumour or cystic neoplasm, e.g. IPMN, neuroendocrine tumour or PDAC

Hernia of any kind, e.g. hiatus hernia seen on a chest radiograph

Image or study in which none of the dataset's target findings were reported. Not the same as a healthy control: other abnormalities may be present.

Enlarged right ventricle or reduced right ventricular ejection fraction. No single upstream term; closest HPO terms are Abnormal right ventricle morphology (HP:0001707) and Abnormal right ventricular function (HP:0033118).

Bounding boxes or points

e.g. brain age or clinical scores

Landmarks or paired scans for alignment

Images paired with free-text reports

Raw k-space or sinogram data

Paired modalities for translation

Repeated scans of the same subjects

Mostly healthy subjects for reference ranges

NIfTI files in the Brain Imaging Data Structure

Aperio whole-slide format

Download without an account

Create an account and accept terms online

Sign a data use agreement, often reviewed by the provider

Identity check and ethics training (e.g. CITI) plus an agreement

A research proposal is reviewed and approved

Access costs money

Ask the authors or the data holder. No published process or terms, and access is at their discretion

The data are not available outside the institution or study that holds them

Mammography

Mammography