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Open Imaging Index
MRI Brain

Youth inhibitory control fMRI (ds005166)

A framework for leveraging technology to probe mechanism: A proof of concept study of inhibitory control

Brain fMRI during a flanker task, T1w MRI, symptom scales and cognitive test scores from youth with anxiety, ADHD, irritability or no diagnosis, collected to validate a mobile app that measures inhibitory control against lab tasks and brain function.

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Overview

This OpenNeuro release holds the shared data of a 2025 PLoS One study by Cardinale, Brotman and colleagues at the NIMH Intramural Research Program. The study tested CALM-IT, a mobile game in which children swipe targets and hold back on stars, as a quick measure of inhibitory control. Its scores were compared with symptom questionnaires, four lab tasks (anti-saccade, AX continuous performance, flanker and stop-signal) and brain activity during a flanker task in the scanner. The data are shared under CC0.

Composition

The paper analysed 200 youth aged 8 to 20 referred with an anxiety disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), ADHD, irritability below the DMDD threshold, or no diagnosis. Of these, 160 agreed to public sharing and are in the release, with age, sex, race, ethnicity, parental education and income. Diagnostic group is not part of the shared participant table, so the group sizes in the paper (for example 56 with ADHD) refer to all 200, not to the release. MRI was optional: the paper reports 77 youth with a flanker fMRI scan. The release has 160 participants, of whom 39 were scanned and have images. Parent-reported anxiety (SCARED), irritability (ARI) and ADHD (CBRS) items, CALM-IT measures and lab task data, including anti-saccade eye tracking, are included for those who completed them.

Acquisition

All images come from a 3T GE Discovery MR750 with a 32-channel head coil at the NIH. Each imaged participant has one 1 mm MPRAGE T1-weighted scan and four echo-planar BOLD runs of a modified Eriksen flanker task (TR 2 s, 3 mm axial slices), with event files for each run.

Annotations

There are no image labels. Task events, behavioural responses and questionnaire scores serve as the targets.

Known limitations

  • Only 39 of 160 shared participants have MRI, and the paper does not state the size of its analysed fMRI sample.
  • Diagnostic group membership is not shared per participant.
  • Single site and scanner; mostly White participants from one research hospital.

Cohort

Aggregate numbers from the sources below. Bars are relative to the 39 subjects.

Sex

  • Female 20 51%
  • Male 19 49%

sex (rows with fMRI_data=1) in participants.tsv of the ds005166 BIDS repository (CC0)

Modality

  • MRI 39 100%

sub-*/ses-1/anat and func NIfTI files in File listing and JSON sidecars of the ds005166 BIDS repository (CC0), subjects counted per T1w and bold NIfTI file

Scanner vendor

  • GE HealthCare 39 100%

anat/*_T1w.json (Manufacturer) in File listing and JSON sidecars of the ds005166 BIDS repository (CC0), subjects counted per T1w and bold NIfTI file

Field strength

  • 3 T 39 100%

anat/*_T1w.json (MagneticFieldStrength) in File listing and JSON sidecars of the ds005166 BIDS repository (CC0), subjects counted per T1w and bold NIfTI file

Age

mean 13.7, range 8.4 to 19.4

0
10
20
30
36
0-910-19

age (rows with fMRI_data=1) in participants.tsv of the ds005166 BIDS repository (CC0)

Contrast / sequence

Groups can overlap

  • T1-weighted 39 100%
  • BOLD fMRI 39 100%

anat/*_rec-norm_run-1_T1w.nii.gz, func/*_task-flanker_run-*_bold.nii.gz in File listing and JSON sidecars of the ds005166 BIDS repository (CC0), subjects counted per T1w and bold NIfTI file

Country

  • United States 39 100%

anat/*_T1w.json (InstitutionName) in File listing and JSON sidecars of the ds005166 BIDS repository (CC0), subjects counted per T1w and bold NIfTI file

Contrast combinations

How many subjects have exactly each set of contrasts.

T1wboldSubjects with exactly this set
39

From File listing and JSON sidecars of the ds005166 BIDS repository (CC0), subjects counted per T1w and bold NIfTI file

License and access

Our reading of the license, not legal advice. Before you use the data, read the original license and confirm that your use is allowed. We take no responsibility for how you use a dataset. Full disclaimer

Access
Open download

Download without an account

Access page

Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal

Public domain dedication. Do anything with the data, including commercial use, without asking and without having to give credit.

dataset_description.json of snapshot 1.0.1 states "License" CC0.

Original license text Version read: 1.0 Checked 2026-10-07

What you can do

  • Yes
  • Yes
  • Yes
  • Yes
  • Yes

What you can share

  • Yes
  • Yes
  • Yes

What you must do

  • No
  • Share alike No
  • No
  • No
  • Manuscript review No
  • Release code No
  • Return results No
  • Delete after use No

Limits

  • No
  • Location limits No

Citation

Cardinale EM, Meigs JM, Haller SP, et al. Leveraging technology to probe mechanisms of psychopathology: A proof of concept study of inhibitory control. PLoS One 20(6): e0319004 (2025). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0319004

@article{cardinale2025,
  title={Leveraging technology to probe mechanisms of psychopathology: A proof of concept study of inhibitory control},
  author={Cardinale, Elise M. and Meigs, Jennifer M. and Haller, Simone P. and others},
  journal={PLoS One},
  volume={20},
  number={6},
  pages={e0319004},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1371/journal.pone.0319004}
}

Sources

Every number on this page comes from one of these documents. Each chart names the table or page it is taken from. The raw numbers are in stats.csv.