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Open Imaging Index
MRI Brain

MPI-Leipzig Mind-Brain-Body (LEMON, N&C)

MPI-Leipzig Mind-Brain-Body database (LEMON and Neuroanatomy & Connectivity protocols), OpenNeuro ds000221

Brain MRI of healthy younger and older adults from two studies on links between brain, body and emotion and on resting-state connectivity, mind-wandering and personality. 318 people from Leipzig with structural, quantitative, resting-state and diffusion scans, in BIDS under CC0.

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Overview

The MPI-Leipzig Mind-Brain-Body database is a set of brain MRI scans from healthy adults recruited by the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, Germany. Its imaging part is published on OpenNeuro as ds000221 under a CC0 waiver. It joins two studies with a shared participant pool: the Leipzig Study for Mind-Body-Emotion Interactions (LEMON), aimed at links between brain, body and emotion in younger and older people, and the Neuroanatomy & Connectivity (N&C) protocol, aimed at resting-state connectivity, mind-wandering and personality.

Composition

The snapshot 1.0.0 (July 2020) holds 318 people. 228 were scanned in the LEMON protocol (session 1) and 199 in the N&C protocol (session 2); 109 took part in both. Every person has a T1-weighted image and resting-state fMRI. LEMON adds T2-weighted images, diffusion imaging and FLAIR for most of its participants, and gradient-echo magnitude and phase images for 112 of them. N&C contributes up to four 15-minute resting-state runs per person. LEMON recruited a young group (20 to 35 years) and an older group (59 to 77 years); N&C participants were 20 to 75 years old. The public participants table gives sex and age in 5-year bins only.

Acquisition

All scans come from one Siemens Magnetom Verio 3T scanner with a 32-channel head coil. The T1-weighted image and a quantitative T1 map are derived from an MP2RAGE sequence at 1 mm. Resting-state runs use multiband echo-planar imaging with a 1.4 s TR, and both gradient-echo and spin-echo field maps are included. In LEMON, the 2D FLAIR was replaced by a 3D FLAIR, and the gradient-echo scan was added, after roughly the first 110 participants. Anatomical images were defaced before release.

Annotations

There are no image annotations. Behavioural, cognitive, physiological and EEG data of both studies are hosted outside OpenNeuro and are not covered by this entry.

Known limitations

  • Group sizes differ slightly between the papers (227 LEMON, 194 N&C) and the OpenNeuro release (228, 199).
  • The README lists 64 diffusion directions, while the LEMON paper reports 60 directions plus 7 b0 volumes.
  • Because of a sequence bug, N&C resting-state runs have a longer echo time (39.4 ms) than LEMON runs (30 ms).
  • One participant has an MPRAGE instead of an MP2RAGE scan and therefore no T1 map.
  • Participants were screened to be healthy, so the data suit normative studies rather than disease detection.

Cohort

Aggregate numbers from the sources below. Bars are relative to the 318 subjects.

Sex

  • Female 129 41%
  • Male 189 59%

gender column in participants.tsv of ds000221 (CC0), counted per row

Scanner vendor

  • Siemens Healthineers 318 100%

Background & Summary in Mendes et al. 2019, A functional connectome phenotyping dataset including cognitive state and personality measures, Scientific Data

Field strength

  • 3 T 318 100%

Background & Summary in Mendes et al. 2019, A functional connectome phenotyping dataset including cognitive state and personality measures, Scientific Data

Contrast / sequence

Groups can overlap

  • T1-weighted 318 100%
  • BOLD fMRI 318 100%
  • T1 map 317 100%
  • FLAIR 305 96%
  • Diffusion-weighted 228 72%
  • T2-weighted 226 71%
  • T2*-weighted 112 35%

anat/*_T1w.nii.gz, anat/*_T1map.nii.gz, func/*_bold.nii.gz, anat/*_FLAIR.nii.gz, anat/*_T2w.nii.gz, dwi/*_dwi.nii.gz, anat/*_GRE.nii.gz in File listing of ds000221 snapshot 1.0.0 (CC0), NIfTI files counted per subject and BIDS suffix

Country

  • Germany 318 100%

MRI data acquisition in Mendes et al. 2019, A functional connectome phenotyping dataset including cognitive state and personality measures, Scientific Data

Contrast combinations

How many subjects have exactly each set of contrasts.

T1wT2wFLAIRT2starwT1mapdwiboldSubjects with exactly this set
113
112
78
11
2
1
1

From File listing of ds000221 snapshot 1.0.0 (CC0), NIfTI files counted per subject and BIDS suffix

License and access

Our reading of the license, not legal advice. Before you use the data, read the original license and confirm that your use is allowed. We take no responsibility for how you use a dataset. Full disclaimer

Access
Open download

Download without an account

Access page

Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal

Public domain dedication. Do anything with the data, including commercial use, without asking and without having to give credit.

dataset_description.json of snapshot 1.0.0 states "License" CC0. Behavioral and phenotypic data hosted elsewhere (GWDG, Harvard Dataverse) are not part of this entry.

Original license text Version read: 1.0 Checked 2026-10-07

What you can do

  • Yes
  • Yes
  • Yes
  • Yes
  • Yes

What you can share

  • Yes
  • Yes
  • Yes

What you must do

  • No
  • Share alike No
  • No
  • No
  • Manuscript review No
  • Release code No
  • Return results No
  • Delete after use No

Limits

  • No
  • Location limits No

Citation

Babayan A, et al. A mind-brain-body dataset of MRI, EEG, cognition, emotion, and peripheral physiology in young and old adults. Scientific Data 6, 180308 (2019). doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.308. Mendes N, et al. A functional connectome phenotyping dataset including cognitive state and personality measures. Scientific Data 6, 180307 (2019). doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.307.

Sources

Every number on this page comes from one of these documents. Each chart names the table or page it is taken from. The raw numbers are in stats.csv.