L-CID

The Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) is a longitudinal study of about 500 Dutch families with same-sex twins, started in 2013. It follows how social competence and behavioral control develop from early childhood into adolescence, and why children differ in how much their social environment affects them. Part of the sample received a video-feedback parenting intervention. Brain MRI was acquired at several lab visits, and this entry covers all L-CID imaging measures: structural T1, diffusion, resting-state fMRI and task fMRI.

Composition

The study runs two cohorts in a cohort-sequential design: an early childhood cohort of 476 children who entered at age 3 to 4 and a middle childhood cohort of 514 children who entered at age 7 to 8. The metadata catalogue lists MRI for the middle childhood cohort at waves 1, 3, 5 and 7 (ages 7 to 9, 9 to 11, 11 to 13 and 14 to 15) and for the early childhood cohort at wave 5 (ages 7 to 9). Visits of middle childhood wave 5 that fell in the Covid-19 pandemic were held online without MRI. At wave 1 of the middle childhood cohort, 512 children were enrolled and 488 started the scan; 433 completed the full protocol.

Acquisition

All scans were made on a Philips Ingenia 3 T system at Leiden University Medical Center with a whole-head coil, using the same parameters across waves. The session holds a 3D T1-weighted scan at 0.875 mm isotropic, two diffusion runs with 30 directions at b = 1000 s/mm² and opposite phase encoding, an eyes-closed resting-state EPI run of 142 volumes, and task fMRI with 2.75 mm voxels. Tasks were the Social Network Aggression Task, the Prosocial Cyberball Game, a self-concept task (early childhood cohort wave 5) and a social delay discounting task (middle childhood cohort wave 7).

Known limitations

• The imaging data are not yet in a repository; the access page announces the YODA platform as coming soon, and the request form and agreement templates are not published.
• Only the first middle childhood wave has published scan counts, so the subject count here is a lower bound.
• Head motion is common in this young sample: in wave 1, 72% of T1 scans passed a strict quality check.
• Access is limited to non-commercial, publicly funded research and is revoked two months after publication.